In December 1981, Ettore Sottsass gathered a group of young designers in Milan and founded the Memphis Group. Their first collection — shown at the Salone del Mobile in September 1981 — featured furniture covered in bright laminates, clashing patterns, and cartoon-like forms. The design world was scandalized. David Bowie bought the whole collection.
Memphis drew on Pop Art, Art Deco, and 1950s kitsch, rejecting the austere functionalism that had dominated design since the Bauhaus. The name itself came from a Bob Dylan song playing during their first meeting — "Stuck Inside of Mobile with the Memphis Blues Again."
The group dissolved in 1987, but their influence exploded through the late '80s and '90s — in MTV graphics, Saved by the Bell set design, and the patterns on every Trapper Keeper in America. On the web, Memphis resurfaces whenever designers want to signal fun over function, chaos over order, and decoration over restraint.