The karesansui — the dry landscape garden — emerged in Zen Buddhist monasteries in medieval Japan, most famously at Ryoan-ji in Kyoto, built around 1499. These gardens were not landscapes to walk through but compositions to contemplate from a fixed point. Raked gravel represented water. Stones represented mountains. The garden was a koan rendered in earth and rock.
The aesthetic influence of Zen on Western design began in the mid-20th century, touching everything from architecture (Tadao Ando) to graphic design (Kenya Hara and Muji). On the web, it manifests as radical simplicity — pages that reject the noise of modern interfaces in favor of stillness, restraint, and meaning through absence.
Digital Zen gardens are not merely minimalist. Minimalism can be cold, clinical, concerned with efficiency. The Zen garden aesthetic is warm and grounded. Its simplicity comes not from removing everything unnecessary but from understanding what is truly necessary. It is the difference between an empty room and a room with one perfect object.