Gothic architecture emerged in 12th-century France with pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and flying buttresses — structures designed to draw the eye upward toward divine light. The same era produced illuminated manuscripts: hand-lettered texts surrounded by ornate borders in gold leaf, deep blue, and vermillion.
On the web, gothic aesthetics first appeared in the late-1990s personal homepage era — dark backgrounds, animated flame GIFs, and heavy metal fan pages. The look was crude but sincere. As CSS matured, designers could achieve the ornamental quality the aesthetic demands: custom fonts via @font-face, complex gradients, clip-path geometry, and layered shadows.
Today Gothic Web lives in a refined space between historical reference and modern craft. It draws from the same visual vocabulary as dark academia and steampunk but pushes further into decorative excess. Its closest digital relatives are dark-mode design (shared darkness, different intent) and art-deco (shared love of ornamentation, different geometry).